At this point, the chromosomes are still long and thin, and are not visible inside the nucleus. Interphase: Each chromosome undergoes replication, making an identical copy of itself. In humans, 2n = 46, so 23 came from mom, and 23 from dad.
One chromosome came from mom and one from dad. In this simple example, a diploid body cell contains 2n = 2 chromosomes. Cells differentiate and become specialized for a particular purpose, but that's a story for another day.) In the figure below, blue represents genetic contributions from dad and pink represents genetic contributions from mom.
#Prophase mitosis how to#
Although each cell contains the complete blueprint (the genome) for how to build the body, only certain parts of it get read and acted upon, depending on the eventual function of that cell. (If you're perceptive, you'll point out that we're not just a giant blob of billions of identical cells. Cells are constantly wearing out and getting damaged, and unless an organism replaces them at least as fast as they are lost, a gradual deterioration will occur. The first cell divides into two, and each of those two divide again, and this process continues geometrically along the following progression: 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128, and so on into the billions. Therefore, before cell division occurs, the genes must also make duplicates of themselves so that all of the important genetic information ends up in each of the new cells. When one cell divides into two, both must have a copy of the genetic information.
That original cell divided repeatedly until you grew and differentiated into an organism composed of billions of cells. We all started out as a single cell the fusion of a sperm from dad and an egg from mom. Purposes of mitosis: How do cells duplicate themselves, and why? In all complex multicellular organisms (eukaryotes), cell duplication occurs by a process called " mitosis" or cell division.
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